The 1940′s Housing Shortage
Sometimes described in the post-war years as `the housing shortage’, the nationwide effort to address a very troubling problem has over the years come to be called `the housing boom’. Undoubtedly it was a boom in demand and building. There was also a notable increase in house ownership, achieved in many cases through heroic individual effort and years of sacrifice.
Changing social attitudes offered new opportunities, but also reduced the options. Emphasis in government housing schemes was at first on rental accommodation; later there was a swing toward the ownership of affordable houses. At a time when various influencers had reduced the availability of rental dwellings, governments, banks, finance companies, building societies and housing co-operatives were offering more opportunities for home ownership. Ironically this was at a time of a jump in building costs.
Top on the list of factors linked to rising construction costs were the passing of legislation for the 40-hour working week, and steep increases in the cost of building materials. By 1948 an employer had to pay an unqualified building labourer a higher salary than a tradesman had received in early 1946.
To keep both labourer and tradesman rationally employed the builder needed a continuous flow of materials which was a rare event in those times. A shortage of skilled workers also meant lower quality building and further loss of time.
Contract prices were loaded with an increasing profit margin as an insurance against unseen contingencies. Under commonwealth price control, builders were entitled to a 10 per cent `profit’ on the contract price. Above award payments were not recognised in price control and yet builders often found a need to pay above award salaries to ensure house completion.
Unexpected costs could happen when, for example, timber flooring was suddenly unprocurable, and a higher price would then have to be paid for imported Baltic timber for flooring.
With locally made cement taking forever to turn up, a batch from across the border was sometimes purchased at nearly three times the price. When compared to 1939 prices timber flooring had, by 1948, increased 100 per cent in value. Cement had risen by almost 20 per cent and clay roofing tiles by more than 25 per cent. A gallon of first-grade paint costing around 30s ($3) in 1939 had risen some 40 per cent by 1948.
When added to rising costs and shortages of materials the government restrictions, limiting the area of a new home to 12 squares (111.48 square metres) for a timber house and 1250 square feet (116.12 square metres) for one in brick, completed the recipe for an imposed economy.
The economical plan was essential; cost-saving and limitations on area made large single-purpose rooms a luxury. Verandahs and spacious porches were deleted, reducing the shelter at the front of the house to the absolute minimum. Ceiling heights had been slowly reduced from the turn of the century and were now usually nine feet (2745 mm). Until the government construction restrictions were lifted in 1952 the acceptance of no-nonsense functionalism was as much an imposed state as it was a fashionable philosophy. This was the era of the great Australian Dream.
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