Archive for August, 2011

The Traditional Queenslander Home

Tuesday, August 30th, 2011

To some people, Queensland’s familiar wood and tin houses lent Brisbane, and other Queensland cities and rural areas, a rather temporary, insubstantial air. Known as 'The Queenslander’, they seemed a little less solid and permanent than homes built of brick or stone. Many Queensland houses were placed high in the air on tall stumps, as the supporting piles have been known as, and it was fancied they seemed likely to simply fly away.

The Queensland house was comparatively cost-effective when timber was plentiful, easy to move from place to place, and, in a relatively benign climate, single skin, unlined walls were all that were thought to be necessary to protect dwellers~people~the dwellers within} from the cold. Stout corrugated iron roofs stood up to torrential tropical rain and could be re-used if dislodged by cyclonic winds.

The verandahs sheltered people from burning sun and caught any breeze that might be passing in the steamy summer. Shades over window openings meant that windows did not have to be closed when humidity brought rain. Clever little revolving tin cylinders on the roofs pulled out hot air that filled ceiling spaces through decorative fretwork openings.

Although timber is not a particularly effective insulator for either heat or cold, air was able to flow through long central hallways in the typical Queensland house and across the house from an open window on one side through open doors to the open window on the other side. Some exteriors were painted, others were just oiled. Some verandahs were built with elaborate and expensive iron lace; others made do with simple timber frames and carved timber decoration in pediments over front stairs.

Despite the impression of seeming impermanence, the Queenslander has survived since it first appeared in the mid-nineteenth century. However, it has evolved. The simple two-room or four-room cottage has given way to much larger, sprawling homes. The pattern of the Queenslander house could be translated into early types of kit-set homes.

Many were created by companies in Brisbane and transported long distances almost as flat-packs on trains. Selections of verandahs, tongue and groove boards for walls and sheets of corrugated iron for roofs were ready at their destination for assembling. The public housing movement that produced workers homes adapted the ingredients to differing shapes and sizes suitable for lower-cost housing.

After the war, the Queenslander seemed out of date in a world of modem architecture. Brick houses, American ranch style residences and other imported styles began to populate new suburbs. However, Brisbane is a hilly city and even modem designs often adapted the idea of stumps so that houses could be close to the ground near the top of a rising allotment and high where the ground sloped away. In the late twentieth century, the old materials, tin and timber, were given new currency by innovative architects to create distinctly modem, light and airy Queensland houses.

In the 1970s and 1980s, when a drift back towards the inner suburbs attracted a new generation, old Queenslanders were discovered by younger owners. They painted them lovingly and added various renovations to bring an old favourite into the modem era.

However they originated, whether from sugar planters houses in the West Indies, bungalows in India or high houses in Malaysia, the Queenslander still distinguishes Brisbane from other Australian capital cities.

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RGB verses CMYK Colours

Tuesday, August 23rd, 2011

To colour print your digital files, you have to supply the graphics and images in the right colour mode. Most of the software programs let you to work with RGB colour mode or CMYK colour mode. RGB colours or Red-Green-Blue colours are known as the primary colours of the light. This colour combination is represented on your television or computer monitors. Digital cameras and scanners also make images with Red-Green-Blue colour combinations. Red-Green-Blue colour mode should be in use when taking photos that have to be viewed on the monitor, emails or CD.

All the colours of the light spectrum are formed from the primary colours, but monitors can display only limited colour range from the spectrum able to be seen. Light is sent by the monitor, and the printing ink recognises only a certain wavelength of colours. All three primary colours are combined to create white colour. If the three primary colours are absent, then the light will appear as black. By combining various intensities of RGB colours, each combination produces differing colours. A monitor of a tv or a computer is made up of small units known as pixels. Each pixel contains three units of light, and each unit represents red, green and blue.

We can’t see individual pixels with the naked eye as they are too small. Each pixel is created by the application of proper values of RGB, and without the proper values of the colour units, you cannot see anything displayed on the monitor. The values of RGB colours are calculated mainly by three methods. The first method is to set them with the help of different numeric values. The numeric values used for this purpose are the values from 0 to 255, and this is the easiest method of the three.

The second method is the use of hexadecimal notations. This method is mainly used for HTML and other languages of the computer. These notations follow a logical pattern. The hexadecimal notation uses six characters, and these characters are divided into three. The first pair represents the red, the second pair green and the third pair as blue. Each pair is represented by a hexadecimal number (0-9) and the letters (A-F). The third method is the percentage in which a certain percentage represents each colour. The program translates these percentages into suitable values ranges from 0-255.

CMYK colours or Cyan-Magenta-Yellow colours are subtractive colours, whereas RGB colours are additive colours. Additive colours refer to light, whereas subtractive colours refer to inks, paint or pigment. CMYK mode is used for printing as all kind of printers use subtractive colours to produce differing colours. When three additive colours are combined, the combination will produce white colour. But when three subtractive colours are combined, the combination produces black. This difference results in a wide diversity between the print and the screen display. Additive colour projects the light from the monitor, and if more light is projected from an independent pixel, it will be closer to the pure light. In the case of printer inks, they absorb light and reflects only the wavelengths of light that is associated with the colour of the ink.

The inks of the printer take away the non-essential wavelengths from the light that falls on the ink. The remaining light will return to our eyes, resulting in the impression of a variety of colours. If you are combining even more colours, then more light will be absorbed by the ink and a lesser amount of light will get reflected to your eyes, which results in darker colour. Black ink produced by the CMYK colours isn’t the strong black. So you need to add some black ink to produce the best results for receiving true black. If you would like to have a stronger tone of any colour, you have to add black in CMYK mode.

And what about the lighter shade of colours? As white ink cannot be created using CMYK colours, you need to work under the hypothesis that you are printing the colours on a white paper. Since small dots of inks are used to print images you have to use the inks in lower percentage to produce lighter shades so that more white colour is seen among the dots. The values of CMYK colours are calculated using four different percentages. The values of each percentage should be between 0 and 100 so that the total percentage of the ink values can be up to 400%. However, if the total percentage reaches 400%, the ink will take more time to dry. Therefore, the total percentage of ink should not be more than 300% in CMYK mode.

Both colour modes have limitations. Images developed using RGB mode cannot be converted smoothly into CMYK mode because of the brightness of the RGB colours. Similarly, CMYK colours cannot be translated into RGB mode as the sharp look of RGB colours is missing in CMYK mode online. This is the reason why RGB colours are used in monitors and CMYK colours are used in printers.

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Moodle Learning Management System (LMS)

Thursday, August 18th, 2011

Moodle is a learning management system (LMS), a software application designed using sound educational principles, to assist people create effective web-based learning experiences. Moodle has a large and diverse user community with over 1,000,000 registered users on the Moodle Community site, speaking over 75 languages from 200 countries.

This user community includes developers, educators, system administrators and corporate users. Validated registration statistics show there are more than 35 million end-users of Moodle software, across the world.

Moodle is provided freely as Open Source software. This means Moodle is copyrighted, but the software can be edited and customised to suit your educational needs. Due to this, Moodle has an active web community of developers who contribute additional features to the system as requested by educators, administrators and business. The benefits of Moodle include:

1. Promotion of social constructionist pedagogy through learning activities such as blog, chat, comments, forums, messaging, rss, tags and wiki;
2. Enables web-based user activity monitoring, assessment, feedback and grade book functionality;
3. Suitable for 100% online education as well as endorsing a blended learning approach by supplementing face-to-face classes;
4. Simple, lightweight, efficient, flexible, scalable and highly compatible;
5. The software is open source. This means no licensing costs or vendor lock-in. Thus lowering the total cost of ownership and enabling your organisation to invest resources to ensure a successful deployment.

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Can Marriage Counselling help you recover from an Affair? Perspectives from Gold Coast to Melbourne, Australia.

Monday, August 15th, 2011

Across Australia, there are between 22 and 40% of married men and between 11 and 25% of married women who are involved in an affair at least once. On the Gold Coast, with its large population and a glittery lifestyle on offer, the estimated figures are considerably higher.

Secrecy and deception abound when an affair is taking place, and therefore when it is discovered, the betrayal of the trust in a relationship is the most difficult issue for a partner to come to terms with.

Can a relationship or marriage survive an affair? A marriage or relationship can definitely be helped after an affair, but it does take much work by both partners, particularly the partner who has cheated. Marriage Counselling over at least the medium term is essential to help restore trust and the relationship.

The marriage counselling must discuss the following 5 points in order to fully recover from an affair:

1. The affair must end. The partner having the extra relationship must commit to having no more contact, in any form, if the marriage is to survive and rebuild.

2. The partner who has been deceived needs to be given the opportunity to express their feelings and it’s important for the affair partner to listen, accept and validate those feelings, and also to reassure their partner that he or she wants and values their relationship.

3. The partner who was involved in the affair must take responsibility to rebuild trust by being transparent and accountable. This means that comings and goings are knowable at all times and they are willing to have phone and emails checked at any time. This will need to continue for as long as it takes for the partner to feel that the trust has been rebuilt, usually up to about 6 months.

4. Discover the underlying causes. Both partners must explore why the affair happened so that it doesn’t reoccur in the future.

5. Forgiveness. For this to happen, the partner who has had the affair needs to be deeply sorry for what he or she has done, as well as have true empathy for what the partner has experienced.

Also, there must be a commitment and hope for a more shared future together. Only then is it possible for the other partner to be able to forgive fully.

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Blood in Crime Scene Investigation

Saturday, August 13th, 2011

At the scene of any violent crime, the examining officer will likely discover blood and evidence of other bodily fluids. These are able to tell a great deal about what happened, not only about how the crime was committed, but also about the people involved.

Nearly everybody knows his or her basic blood type, and whether it is A, B, AB, or 0, and Rhesus negative or positive. This division of blood into types was first made by Austrian physiologist Karl Landsteiner at the end of the 19th century. In his experiments, he took samples of blood and separated the red cells from the liquid, which is called the serum. He did this by spinning the blood at high speed in a centrifuge. Then he took the serum and added red cells from different people. They responded in two different ways: either the cells mixed with the serum, or they clumped together (clotted), (“agglutinated”).

Many attempts at blood transfusion had been made in the past, but this observation explained for the first time why so many had failed. If the blood was not of precisely the same type as that in the body, it produced clotting, and the patient died. Quick tests of blood samples to discover whether agglutination will happen is now made before a transfusion is performed.

DIVIDING BLOOD INTO GROUPS
Red blood cells carry substances called antigens. Antigens help create antibodies that fight infection and disease. Landsteiner thought that his experiment showed the presence of two specific antigens, which he labeled A and B. The discovery of these antigens enabled him to divide human blood into 4 basic groups:

Group A: antigen A present; antigen B absent
Group B: antigen A absent; antigen B present
Group AB: both antigens A and B present
Group 0: both antigens absent

The particular blood group of a person depends on the genetic inheritance from both parents. Known as ABO typing, it has been used, for example, to identify the biological father in a paternity case. How common each group is varies from one national population to another. In the United States, for example, the relative proportions of ABO groups are roughly 39 percent A, 13 percent B, 43 percent 0, and 5 percent AB.

In 1927, Landsteiner found two other antigen types, labelling their occurrence as M, N, and MN. In 1940, working in the United States, he and A.S. Wiener discovered the Rhesus factor, named after the Rhesus monkeys they used in their investigations. Since then, other researchers have introduced more than a dozen further group systems. Different proteins and enzymes associated with specific blood groups have also been identified.

WHAT THIS MEANS FOR FORENSICS
The ability to identify blood type is an excellent tool to reveal crucial evidence in a forensic investigation. If, for example, a victim’s ABO type is O, and remains of blood of this type are found to be on the clothing of a suspect whose type is A, there is a likely probability that they have come from the victim.

Making use of the many other blood type systems now available, this probability is greatly increased. If blood of type O occurs in 43% of the population, the substance haptoglobin-2 in 36 percent of these, and the enzyme PGM-2 in five percent, then the probability of an individual having these three blood types together is 43 x 36 x 5 = 7,740 in 1,000,000. In other words, around 8 people in every thousand have this specific type of blood. It is still not enough to obtain a conviction on this evidence alone, but it can help to reduce the group of suspects.

In 1925, another important discovery was made. Around 80 percent of humans are ‘secretors’. This means their saliva, urine, perspiration, and semen contain the same substances as their blood, and are able to be used for typing in a similar way. In 1940, two British researchers found that it was possible to distinguish between female and male body cells, in particular the white blood cells and those of the lining of the mouth. Blood typing is now so precise that recently one scientist showed that he could distinguish between the blood of his twin daughters, who were genetically identical, because one had had chicken pox and the other hadn’t.

SPLASHES OF BLOOD
At the scene of a violent homicidal attack, blood may be present in great quantities. Not only will it be on the victim, but also on the weapon and the surroundings. Indoors, the floors, walls, and even the ceilings may be splashed. Careful observation of these bloodstains can provide valuable clues about what took place. Bloodstains and splashes are classified into six basic types.

Round drops are seen on horizontal surfaces; depending on the height from which they fell, they can spray out into a starlike shape. Splashes of blood are shaped like an exclamation mark; they show that blood has flown through the air and hit a surface at an angle. While a victim is still alive, spurts of blood result from the pumping action of the heart. A major artery can spray the blood a great distance.

Pools of blood form around the body of a bleeding person. If there is more than one pool, he either dragged himself, or was dragged, from one area to another before dying. Smears will also be found if this happens. Trails are left when a bloody corpse is moved. There will be drops found if the body was carried, and smears if it was dragged.

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Sugar Daddies

Thursday, August 11th, 2011

Sugar, has been known to raise blood glucose causing a significant rise. Many experts believe that too much sugar does not cause a man to go blind.

Babe, is a really attractive person, especially a woman, termed with endearment. Again not a real cause for men to go blind, unless they avoid the Babe, and take up the handshake. Daddy, From Middle English dadd, perhaps of Celtic origin, compare Welsh and Gaelic dadf. Some of these Daddies may already be blind, or induce blindness with substances. Others avoid blindness with Sugar and Babes.

We are a unique Sugar Daddy AGENCY with a selective portfolio of companions available NATIONALLY. We Specialise in providing Companions for Sugar Daddies. If you are seeking a Sugar Baby and you are an eligible Sugar Daddy then be your own Matchmaker and start Matching with the Sugar Babes now.

We offer a first class booking service. If you are looking for a Sugar Babe for that special social event or regular date, then you have come to the right place. Our Sugar Babes’ are intelligent, warm, friendly people who also know how to dress to impress for that touch of glamour. Please feel free to browse through our site and Sugar Babes, if you have any questions about our service or companions do not hesitate to contact us.
Sugar-Daddy offers a professional service in both behaviour and talents.

Each profile of our Sugar Babes contains the Sugar Babes recent and genuine photographs, along with the fees, statistics and other information. So take your time to browse our fascinating selection of stunning young Sugar Babes and travel companions displayed in our gallery. Contact us with your enquiries or selections and we will gladly assist you. We can assure you that the Sugar Babes which are to be introduced to you are beautiful, stylish, friendly sexy companions that will suit your requirements. When you call you will always be greeted by a friendly and helpful young lady. Please feel free to discuss with her your requirements for one or more of our companions. We aim to provide an honest and efficient service with a personal touch.

At Sugar-Daddy we offer a social experience for the genuine gentlemen. We have Sugar Babes for your forthcoming Corporate Functions, Cinema, Theatre, Sporting Events, Dinner, Shopping Trips, Weekend Travel, Holidays, or if you are here from Interstate and simply missing a date for an event. Dinner Dates are also most welcome, as our upmarket ladies will wine and dine in the classy environment that you will provide. We offer Sugar Babes from 3 hours up to 24 hour periods. Why be alone when you can have conversation, laughter, and fresh perspective to add to your day or evening.

All of our Sugar Babes will require the relevant details necessary for a date, such as venue, name, times, travel arrangements, and payment method. This is so as to avoid confusion and to offer complete safety for both parties. To assist in meeting your requirements we suggest advanced bookings to ensure availabilty.

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Uniforms and Promotional Clothing

Tuesday, August 9th, 2011

Uniforms are a similar group of clothing worn by a group while participating in an activity. Commonly known are school uniforms, which the great proportion of academic institutions require students and even staff to wear. They are said to be equalisers that remove any differences among the wearers. Other types of uniforms are for office workers. Since a good impression is important to the corporate image and reputation of a company, uniforms are required to make the company look orderly and professional.

Sports uniforms are a familiar image. They are commonly worn at sporting events and games. And, although it is important that a team is seen as orderly and perhaps even professional as with the previous types of uniforms, athletic uniforms are focused on providing comfort to the players. They must allow athletes to move easily.

Things to consider when using Sports Uniforms for Promotions
One of the things to consider when using Sports Uniforms for promotions is the type of material used. It’s important that the fabric be lightweight and comfortable. They must be designed of fabrics that are breathable and provide protection against skin complications. The materials must also be able to take any movement and unexpected stretches. And it also should be durable enough that it won’t shred.

You might find athletic uniforms that bear corporation logos. These show us that these companies support teamwork and unity. Uniforms can become a symbol of unity and source of pride to each member of the team.

Uniforms as Promotional Tools
Companies normally provide corporate events, team-building exercises, and even sporting functions. These activities can be a wonderful opportunity for employers and employees to relax and enjoy each other’s company. It’s also a wonderful time to promote a business. The company is able to take advantage of this chance to improve team spirit through the use of Sports Uniforms. They can be given out to staff as casual sportswear. They are simple gifts, but can be appreciated by your employees.

Sponsoring Sports Uniforms is also becoming a prominent means for the advertisement and promotion of company brand and logo. Have a look and you will notice that on various parts of the uniform are logos of sponsoring companies. As with many other promotional apparel, sports uniforms have logos that promote a sponsoring company. Since athletic uniforms are costly, it is cost-effective to have companies sponsor their uniforms in exchange for logos to be printed on them. During games, uniforms are used and so logos are widely seen.

Companies will often volunteer to sponsor uniforms, especially to winner teams. This allows them to be affiliated with winning teams, which is beneficial for the image of the company. It creates an idea that they are both winners in their own fields.

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What is a Shade Sail?

Friday, August 5th, 2011

In A Nutshell A length of material suspended between fixed points to offer shelter from the sun.

A little more detail Shade Sails are made from quality, shade cloth -which is a fabric (usually a combination of high-density Polyethylene with a filler thread or tape), which has a stainless-steel cable sewn into the outside edge. Shade Sail’s are suspended between posts or roof/wall hooks and give cover from the sun. Designs are based on ‘sails’ from ships, and are able to be made in numerous shapes but are commonly seen as triangles or variations of rectangles/squares.

Ancient History
The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans were the first cultures to use large pieces of fabric to create shade. The Colosseum in Rome was shaded with a great number of large canvas ‘sails’ that were put into place by Roman sailors.

Recent History
The modern Shade Sail was developed to a commercial level in Australia in the 1980s, when experimentation was made with different shade cloth materials and installation techniques.

Although the original concept of a shade sail is simple, the differences in design, components and manufacturing processes can greatly affect your end result.

If you are looking for a quote on shade sails in brisbane or shade structures in Brisbane, make sure you contact Metroshade. Metroshade has been in the shade sail business for over 19 years.

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New Website yChatter.com Links Renters with Rental Properties in Sydney

Wednesday, August 3rd, 2011

yChatter.com is a great new way for those hunting for a flatmate to get in touch with prospective roommates and find rental properties in Sydney. The site provides absolute privacy to both renters and owners while offering a way for them to communicate directly.

The latest site to look through share accommodation in Sydney is yChatter.com, which mixes social networking with real estate in a new way that brings property owners, flatmate finders and renters together. Owners or those wanting a housemate or roommate simply create a listing for their property, and then those searching for rental properties in Sydney can browse those listings. Tenants create a profile, listing specifications for what they need in a share accommodation or rental property. They can then easily sort the rental properties on yChatter.com according to those specifications, or look at what else is available. Flatmate finders can do the same with the share accommodation listings on the site.

When flatmate finders or renters find a share accommodation or rental property they are interested in, they are able to put it on their watch list. This allows them to send a message to the property owner or potential roommate through yChatter.com. They can ask questions about the rental properties, book a viewing of their favourite share accommodation and more.

Cheryl Aitken, co-founder of yChatter.com, says, “It’s never been easier to find rental properties in Sydney. This is a new method for renters and flatmates to communicate with owners without having to reveal their contact information until they are ready.”

On social networking sites, people connect by linking to friends and sharing photos with themselves and yChatter.com uses this feature to help renters find the best share accommodation or rental properties that have what they need. Having a photo on the site makes a renter seven times more likely to win the rental properties they want and property owners who upload photos of their rental properties are also more likely to find a great renter.

Managers at yChatter.com recommend looking at several rental properties because it can take just a few days or an entire month to find the right share accommodation. Flatmate finders who don’t post a picture of themselves are going to spend even more time looking.

Property owners also have the opportunity to use the free service from yChatter.com to see who is looking at their rental properties. They can send offers to renters they think would be a good fit. Renters or flatmate finders can then decline or accept the offers right through the yChatter website, making it very easy to indicate their intentions to the owners without having to call them.

yChatter.com is owned and operated by Premium IT Solutions Pty Ltd. The site is an online neighbourhood that allows renters and property owners to interact socially online.

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Impressionism

Tuesday, August 2nd, 2011

Impressionism was a crucial artistic movement, originally in painting and later in music, that developed mainly in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Impressionist painting is defined as the work produced between about 1867 and 1886 by a number of artists who shared a set of similar methods and techniques. The most noticeable characteristic of Impressionism was an attempt to realistically and objectively depict visual reality in terms of moving effects of light and colour. The principal Impressionist painters were Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Berthe Morisot, Armand Guillaumin, and Frédéric Bazille, who collaborated together, influenced each other, and exhibited together andindependently. Edgar Degas and Paul Cézanne also painted in an Impressionist style for a period in the early 1870s. The established painter Édouard Manet, whose work in the 1860s greatly influenced Monet and others of the group, himself tried the Impressionist style about 1873.

These artists had become dissatisfied early in their careers with academic teaching’s emphasis on showing an historical or mythological subject matter with literary or anecdotal overtones. They also rejected the conventional imaginative or idealising treatments of academic painting. By the late 1860s, Manet’s art reflected a new aesthetic—which was to be a leading force in Impressionist work—in which the importance of the traditional subject matter was downgraded and focus was moved to the artist’s manipulation of colours, tone, and texture as ends in themselves. In Manet’s work the subject became a vehicle for the artful composition of areas of flat colour, and perspectival depth was reduced so that the viewer would look at the surface abrasions and relationships of the depiction rather than into the illusory three-dimensional space it created. About the same time, Monet was influenced by the revolutionary painters Eugene Boudin and J.R. Jongkind, who painted fleeting effects of sea and sky using highly coloured and texturally varied modes of paint application. The Impressionists also adopted Boudin’s practice of painting totally out-of-doors while looking at the actual scene, instead of finishing up the paintings from sketches in the studio, as was the normal practice.

In the late 1860s Monet, Pisarro, Renoir, and others began painting landscapes and river scenes in which they attempted to abstractly depict the colours and forms of objects as they appeared in natural light at a given time. These artists left the traditional landscape palette of muted greens, browns and grays and instead painted using a lighter, sunnier, more airy key. They started by copying the play of light on water and the reflected colours of ripples, working to copy the innumerable and motion effects of sunlight and shadow and of direct and reflected light that they observed. In their efforts to reproduce initial visual impressions as registered on the retina, they gave up on the use of grays and blacks in shadows as inaccurate and used complementary colours instead. More importantly, they learned to paint objects out of discreet flecks and dabs of pure harmonizing or contrasting colour, thereby evoking the broken-hued brilliance and the variations of colour produced by sunlight and its reflections. Forms in the paintings lost their clear outlines and became softer, shimmering and vibrating in a re-creation of actual outdoor conditions. And finally, traditional formal layouts were also abandoned favouring a realistically casual and less contrived disposition of objects within the picture. The Impressionists extended these newly discovered techniques to paint landscapes, trees, houses, and even urban street scenes and interesting buildings such as railroad stations.

In 1874 the group held its first show, separate from the official Salon of the French Academy, which had rejected most of their works. Monet’s painting “Impression: Sunrise” (1872; Musée Marmottan, Paris) earned them the initially insulting name “Impressionists” from the journalist Louis Leroy who wrote of them in the satirical magazine Le Charivari in 1874. The artists themselves quickly adopted the name because it was a perfect description of their intention to accurately show visual “impressions.” They held seven subsequent exhibitions, the last in 1886. During that time they continued to develop their own personal and individual styles. All, however, affirmed in their work the principles of freedom of technique, a personal rather than a conventional approach to subject matter, and the truthful reproduction of nature.

By the mid-1880s the Impressionist group had begun to break down as each painter increasingly pursued his own aesthetic interests and principles. In its short existence, however, it had begun a revolution in the history of art, providing a technical starting point for the Post-impressionist artists Paul Cézanne, Edgar Degas, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat and clearing subsequent Western art from traditional techniques and approaches to subject matter.

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